

Twenty-mule teams were used in the mid-19th century for hauling ore in California, and large teams of horses were often needed to pull the heaviest types of horse artillery. For example, eight- ox plowing teams were once common on the heavy soils of southern England, as were very large ox teams used in 19th century South Africa (see ox-wagon). Teams larger than six are generally limited to situations where large loads must be hauled over difficult ground. Sometimes other arrangements are used, such as the "unicorn" (one animal in front of a pair), and the "pickaxe" (three animals in front of a pair). Larger teams are usually in pairs, with four, six or even more animals overall driving these is known as driving four-in-hand, six-in-hand etc. A tandem hitch has one rear animal in shafts, then one or more others hitched ahead of the first in single file. A troika is a team hitched in a single row of three: the center horse in shafts and each of the other two hitched on either side. While a single animal is usually placed between two shafts, a pair (two animals) is usually hitched side by side with a single pole between them. The animals may be arranged in various ways. Medieval four-horse team: leaders and wheelersĪ team is more than one animal used together for draft. Roadsters are shown at two types of trot, known as road gait and at speed.


Pleasure competitions are judged on the turnout/neatness or suitability of horse and carriage. Carriage driving, using somewhat larger two or four wheeled carriages, often restored antiques, pulled by a single horse, a tandem or four-in-hand team.Draft horses compete in both single and multiple hitches, judged on manners and performance. Draft horse showing: Most draft horse performance competition is done in harness.They are expected to perform an arena-based "dressage" class where precision and control are emphasized, a cross-country "marathon" section that emphasizes fitness and endurance, and a "stadium" or "cones" obstacle course. Combined driving, an internationally recognized FEI competition where horses compete in one, two, and four-horse teams, pulling appropriately designed light carriages or carts.
